An XAD18 binding agent has proved effective at measuring a range of antibiotics and we use it in our DGT passive samplers with a polyethersulphone filter membrane. Some previous publications used HLB or XDA-1 as binding agents, but more recently no performance difference could be found when using XAD18, HLB or XDA-1 (X. Liu et al., in prep.). Several publications involving measuring antibiotics by DGT have appeared. Clicking on the link will provide the full reference.
Basic performance for 40 antibiotics Chen et al, 2013
Desorption kinetics of antibiotics in soils Chen et al, 2014
Solutions concentrations of antibiotics in soils Chen et al, 2015
Fate, behaviour and impact of antibiotics Challis et al, 2015
Antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals (using HLB) Challis et al, 2016
Antibiotics in seawaters (using XDA-1) Xie et al, 2018
The recommended DGT devices can be accessed by clicking on the appropriate link below.
For deployments in all types of waters you will need device LSNC-AP
For deployment in soilsA you will need device LSLC-AP
Detailed instructions for the use of most DGT passive samplers are available.
AThese soil devices are designed for deployment in homogenised hydrated soil samples.
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